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Category 1

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Pre- and Post- Natal Associations

The prenatal (pregnancy) and postnatal (after birth) periods of time are when the human brain develops most rapidly, and when direct associations between acetaminophen use and autism are most clear.

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The lines of evidence related to pre- and post-natal associations make up 16.7% of the total evidence.

01

Use of acetaminophen during pregnancy is connected to negative long-term effects

Use of acetaminophen during pregnancy is associated with lower IQ, autism, and ADHD in children

02

Levels of acetaminophen in cord blood are associated with autism

Higher levels of acetaminophen in the baby's umbilical cord at the time of birth are strongly associated with autism

03

Acetaminophen use during early childhood is connected to 20-times more regressive autism

Children exposed to acetaminophen in early childhood are much more likely to have regressive autism (associated with loss of developmental milestones) than children who are not

04

Babies with acetaminophen exposure after birth were found to be 30% more likely to have autism

A study of the Danish National Birth Cohort found an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 for autism associated with postnatal acetaminophen exposure

*Correlation doesn’t necessarily prove causation, but correlation is necessary for causation to exist. Multiple correlations with numerous other lines of evidence can be conclusive.

Copyright © WPLab, Inc. 2025 

WPLab is a not-for-profit company that conducts research and education related to immune system dysfunction in high-income countries. A current focus is the interaction between the immune system and acetaminophen (paracetamol) early in life, and how that interaction affects brain development. For more information on WPLab, please visit www.wplaboratory.org.

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