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Category 2

05

Autism increased at the same time that acetaminophen started replacing aspirin in the market

The amount of autism began to increase in the early 1980s, coinciding with the increase in acetaminophen use after aspirin was associated with Reye’s syndrome

06

Ratio of regressive to infantile autism shifted at the same time acetaminophen replaced aspirin for use in babies and children

The ratio of regressive to early-onset (infantile) autism rose at the same time as pediatric acetaminophen use rose after aspirin was associated with Reye’s syndrome

07

As direct-to-consumer advertising increased, use of acetaminophen and autism also rose in prevalence

The amount of autism steadily increased as direct-to-consumer advertising and perhaps other factors have driven up use of pharmaceutical products

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Associations in Time

Associations in time are two or more things changing over the same time period. Evaluating these associations can provide valuable clues that suggest possible causal relationships.

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The lines of evidence related to associations in time make up 12.5% of the total evidence.

*Correlation doesn’t necessarily prove causation, but correlation is necessary for causation to exist. Multiple correlations with numerous other lines of evidence can be conclusive.

Copyright © WPLab, Inc. 2025 

WPLab is a not-for-profit company that conducts research and education related to immune system dysfunction in high-income countries. A current focus is the interaction between the immune system and acetaminophen (paracetamol) early in life, and how that interaction affects brain development. For more information on WPLab, please visit www.wplaboratory.org.

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